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Pin Multiplexing

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Pin Multiplexing is a widely-used technique in electronics where a number of signals are multiplexed in order to reduce the number of interconnections needed, typically in an integrated circuit or computer bus.

The technique was essential to the development of LSI devices in the 1970s, when the functionality which could be placed on a single chip began to outstrip the ability of the available IC packaging to connect all the required signals to the outside world. For example, a typical pocket calculator may have used 20 keys for inputs, and over 60 seven-segment display outputs, yet the largest DIP packages at the time offered at most 40 pins (of which some were necessarily used for power supplies and clock signals).

Multiplexed Displays

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Multiplexed Computer buses

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PCI bus

8086 pinout