Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2023) |
This is a timeline of states of matter and phase transitions, specifically discoveries related to either of these topics.
Timeline
[edit]19th century
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2024) |
- 1895 – Pierre Curie discovers that induced magnetization is proportional to magnetic field strength
20th century
[edit]- 1911 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discloses his research on superconductivity[1]
- 1912 – Peter Debye derives the T-cubed law for the low temperature heat capacity of a nonmetallic solid
- 1925 – Ernst Ising presents the solution to the one-dimensional Ising model
- 1928 – Felix Bloch applies quantum mechanics to electrons in crystal lattices, establishing the quantum theory of solids
- 1929 – Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac and Werner Karl Heisenberg develop the quantum theory of ferromagnetism
- 1932 – Louis Eugène Félix Néel discovers antiferromagnetism
- 1933 – Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld discover perfect superconducting diamagnetism
- 1933–1937 – Lev Davidovich Landau develops the Landau theory of phase transitions
- 1937 – Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and John Frank Allen discover superfluidity
- 1941 – Lev Davidovich Landau explains superfluidity
- 1942 – Hannes Alfvén predicts magnetohydrodynamic waves in plasmas
- 1944 – Lars Onsager publishes the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model
- 1957 – John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer develop the BCS theory of superconductivity
- End of the 50s – Lev Davidovich Landau develops the theory of Fermi liquid
- 1959 – Philip Warren Anderson predicts localization in disordered systems
- 1972 – Douglas Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson, and David Lee discover that helium-3 can become a superfluid
- 1974 – Kenneth G. Wilson develops the renormalization group technique for treating phase transitions
- 1980 – Klaus von Klitzing discovers the quantum Hall effect
- 1982 – Horst L. Stoermer and Daniel C. Tsui discover the fractional quantum Hall effect
- 1983 – Robert B. Laughlin explains the fractional quantum Hall effect
- 1987 – Karl Alexander Müller and Georg Bednorz discover high critical temperature ceramic superconductors
21st century
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2024) |
- 2000 – CERN announced quark-gluon plasma, a new phase of matter.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ van Delft, Dirk; Kes, Peter (1 September 2010). "The discovery of superconductivity". Physics Today. Vol. 63, no. 9. AIP Publishing LLC. pp. 38–43. doi:10.1063/1.3490499. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "New State of Matter created at CERN". CERN. Retrieved 22 May 2020.