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Japanese destroyer Yukikaze (1939)

Coordinates: 19°35′00″N 120°39′00″E / 19.58333°N 120.65000°E / 19.58333; 120.65000
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(Redirected from HIJMS Yukikaze)
For other ships with the same name, see Japanese destroyer Yukikaze.
Yukikaze underway, December 1939
History
Empire of Japan
NameYukikaze
BuilderSasebo Naval Arsenal
Launched24 March 1939
Commissioned20 January 1940
Stricken5 October 1945
FateTransferred to the Republic of China Navy, 6 July 1947
Republic of China
NameROCS Dan Yang (丹陽) [1]
NamesakeDanyang
Acquired6 July 1947
Commissioned1 May 1948
Decommissioned16 November 1966
IdentificationHull number: DD-12
FateScrapped, 1970
General characteristics
Class and typeKagerō-class destroyer
Displacement2,490 long tons (2,530 t)
Length118.5 m (388 ft 9 in)
Beam10.8 m (35 ft 5 in)
Draft3.8 m (12 ft 6 in)
Speed35 knots (40 mph; 65 km/h)
Complement240
Armament

Yukikaze (雪風, "Snowy Wind") was a Kagerō-class destroyer in service with the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. She was the only member of her class to survive the war, and did so without suffering any major damage. She participated in the battles of Java Sea, Midway, and Santa Cruz, and saw her first major surface action at the Naval battle of Guadalcanal, helping to sink the destroyers USS Cushing and USS Laffey. She survived the devastating naval defeat that was the Battle of the Bismarck Sea undamaged, and led a Japanese counter attack at the Battle of Kolombangara, where she (probably) directly torpedoed the light cruiser HMNZS Leander, and took part in a mass torpedo spread the sank the destroyer USS Gwin and torpedoed the light cruisers USS Honolulu and USS Saint Louis.

Yukikaze undertook escort missions during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, partaking in her last major surface engagement in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, and seeing her last major action escorting the battleship Yamato during the Battle of Okinawa. Following the war, the ship was transferred to the Republic of China Navy, where she was renamed Dan Yang (丹陽 DD-12) and served until 1966, before being scrapped in 1970.[2]

Design and description[edit]

The Kagerō class was an enlarged and improved version of the preceding Asashio class of destroyers. Their crew numbered 240 officers and enlisted men. The ships measured 118.5 meters (388 ft 9 in) overall, with a beam of 10.8 meters (35 ft 5 in) and a draft of 3.76 meters (12 ft 4 in).[3] They displaced 2,065 metric tons (2,032 long tons) at standard load and 2,529 metric tons (2,489 long tons) at deep load.[4] The ships had two Kampon geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of 52,000 shaft horsepower (39,000 kW) for a designed speed of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). The ships had a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at a speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph).[5]

The main armament of the Kagerō class consisted of six Type 3 127-millimeter (5.0 in) guns in three twin-gun turrets, one superfiring pair aft and one turret forward of the superstructure. They were built with four Type 96 25-millimeter (1.0 in) anti-aircraft guns in two twin-gun mounts, but more of these guns were added over the course of the war. The ships were also armed with eight 610-millimeter (24.0 in) torpedo tubes for the oxygen-fueled Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedo in two quadruple traversing mounts; one reload was carried for each tube.[4] Their anti-submarine weapons consisted of 16 depth charges.[5]

Career in Imperial Japanese Navy[edit]

Yukikaze was laid down on August 2nd 1938, launched on March 24th 1939, and completed on January 20th 1940.[6] In December of 1941, Yukikaze was put under the command of Captain Tobida Kenjirō.[7]

During the start of World War 2 for Japan, December 7th 1941, Yukikaze was escorting the light carrier Ryūjō during an air raid on Davao. Throughout the rest of December and into January of 1942, Yukikaze would escort invasion convoys heading to Legaspi, Lamon Bay, Menado, Kendari, and Ambon. On February 20th, Yukikaze would escort the invasion force destoned for Timor. Then, on the 27th, Yukikaze would see her first active combat role taking part in the battle of the Java Sea, the destruction of the allied surface ships attempting to defend the Dutch East Indies against Japanese invasion. However, Yukikaze only took part in a torpedo attack that failed to land a single hit. In the aftermath of the battle, Yukikaze rescued some 40 survivors from several sunken allied warships. Captain Tobida interrogated Captain Thomas Spencer, the highest ranking member of the survivors who had served as a gunnery chief on the destroyer HMS Electra, which was sunk in a gunfight with the destroyer Asagumo. No relevant information was found, but Spencer reportedly conversed about his birthplace in Scottland and graduation from the Britannia Royal Naval College. Yukikaze then transferred the prisoners to the recently captured hospital ship Op Ten Noort.[6][8]

After the Dutch East Indies were successfully invaded, Yukikaze took part in various anti-submarine operations throughout March. On March 3rd, Yukikaze was operating alongside the destroyers Ushio and Sazanami when enroute they discovered the crippled submarine USS Perch. Attacks by the destroyers Amatsukaze and Hatsukaze prevented her from diving and destroyed three of her four engines, cutting her speed to 5 knots. Sazanami chose not to attack, but gunfire from Yukikaze and Ushio finished off the crippled Perch. Yukikaze then escorted the invasion force for New Guinea before returning to Davao. From April 26th to May 2nd, Yukikaze was drydocked for maintenance, then steamed from Kure to Saipan.[6][9][10]

In preparation for the battle of Midway, Yukikaze would escort a number of troop transports for the phase of the battle which involved the invasion of Midway Island. However, through June 3rd to June 6th, the battle turned into one of the most devastating naval defeats of the entire war. Four Japanese aircraft carriers and a heavy cruiser were sunk by American aircraft carrier raids, prompting the invasion forces to retreat.[6][11] After the battle, Yukikaze joined the main body force, and assisted the crippled heavy cruiser Mogami. [12]

With such a blunder out of the way, it was off to the Guadalcanal campaign. Around this time, Yukikaze would receive a new captain, Ryokichi Kanma, and after a series a training missions, Yukikaze would see some action again as an aircraft carrier escort at the battle of Santa Cruz, October 26th. American aircraft carrier attacks damaged a number of Japanese vessels (but failed to sink any), but the attacks were mostly focused on the carriers as Yukikaze remained undamaged. The Japanese planes in turn sank the aircraft carrier USS Hornet and the destroyer USS Porter, and damaged or crippled several other vessels. With the battle concluded in a victory, the Japanese ships returned to Truk on October 30th.[13][6]

Naval Battle of Guadalcanal[edit]

Main article: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal
The formation of the Japanese and American warships during the first naval battle of Guadalcanal at 1:45 am (note Yukikaze's position)

Yukikaze saw her first notable action in what would combinate into the first naval battle of Guadalcanal. With a goal of conducting another major bombardment on Henderson Field, a former Japanese air base which was captured by US forces and being used against Japanese shipping to great effect, the main ships of the force consisted of the battleships Hiei and Kirishima, each armed with eight 14-inch (356 mm) guns and a variety of smaller guns. Escorting the force came the light cruiser Nagara, and a total of eleven destroyers, including Yukikaze. The force departed on the 9th of November 1942. While the destroyers initially operated in a standard formation, heavy rain squalls had managed to break up the formation and leave the destroyers operating in small clusters, in turn leaving Yukikaze operating alongside the destroyers Amastukaze and Teruzuki.[14]

In the early morning of the 13th, the force was enroute when by 1:25, signs of enemy ships began to appear. A force of two heavy cruisers, three light cruisers, and eight destroyers had intercepted the force. By 1:48, Hiei and the destroyer Akatsuki illuminated the light cruiser USS Atlanta, starting the battle in a point blank range skirmish which resulted in both Akatsuki and Atlanta's sinking.[15] Yukikaze and Teruzuki quickly rushed into action (they were not joined by Amatsukaze, which was blocked by the battleships and instead broke off from formation to engage and sink the destroyer USS Barton).[16] With the US formation left a scattered mess due to poor command decisions by Admiral Callaghan, Yukikaze, along with Teruzuki (possibly joined by Nagara) engaged the lead American destroyer, USS Cushing. Cushing fired back at Yukikaze, and though no hits were scored machine gunfire killed a sailor on the deck, Yukikaze's first casualty.[17] However, Yukikaze helped to inflict far more damage than she received, a barrage of Japanese shell hits disabled Cushing's electrical power and guns, leaving her dead in the water and set aflame.[18] With Cushing rendered a defenseless floating wreck she was eventually abandoned at 2:30 and left to sink several hours later, losing 70 men in the process.[15][19]

Yukikaze underway off Sasebo Japan, January 1940
Yukikaze anchored off Rabaul, July 1943

With an enemy destroyer on her kill sheet, Yukikaze just before 2:00 would then assist Hiei in sinking the destroyer USS Laffey. After a 14-inch (356 mm) shell from Hiei hit Laffey and set the destroyer on fire and disabled many of her guns, a type 93 torpedo fired from Yukikaze hit Laffey aft, blowing her stern clean off and breaking her keel. Laffey promptly exploded and sank with the loss of 59 men.[15][19][20] However, in a point-blank range gunfight Hiei was crippled by a pair of 8-inch (203 mm) shells from the heavy cruiser USS San Francisco that disabled her steering gear.[21] Yukikaze attempted to assist the crippled Hiei, but aircraft from both Henderson Field and USS Enterprise attacked the vulnerable battleship, scoring several bomb hits which served as the final blow.[22] Yukikaze came under light air attacks, and through a bomb near miss cracked a boiler no hits were scored, and damage was only minor. Admiral Abe transferred his flag to Yukikaze, joined by a large quantity of Hiei survivors, before Yukikaze assisted in scuttling Hiei with torpedo hits.[20] Yukikaze then withdrew from the battle to both transfer Hiei survivors and escort damaged and crippled Japanese ships to Truk, arriving to their destination on the 18th.[19][23]

Operation Ke[edit]

Yukikaze would escort the aircraft carrier Hiyō between 5–10 December and the carriers Zuihō and Zuikaku between the 18th-23rd of January 1943.[24] With the start of 1943, Japan had finally decided to cut their losses and retreat from Guadalcanal, allowing an allied takeover of the Island. On February 1st and 4th, Yukikaze was one of the 20 destroyers that took part in both the first and second evacuations of Japanese troop. Yukikaze in particular transported the 17th army to safety. At a meeting at combined fleet headquarters, it was debated whether to use high speed motor boats for the final evacuation, but Captain Kanma, along with other destroyer commanders insisted that the evacuation was a job for their destroyers, even shouting together at some points. The Japanese command gave in, and Yukikaze took part in the final evacuation of Guadalcanal, February 7th-8th. The evacuation was completely successful, and allied attacks were very light, only sinking the destroyer Makigumo and the submarine I-1. The Japanese in total rescued 10,652 troops from Guadalcanal.[25]

During the evacuation, the destroyer Maikaze was moderately damaged by air attacks, prompting Yukikaze to escort her to Truk from February 10th to the 14th, before she escorted the transport ship Gokoku Maru from Rabaul to New Britian and back.[24]

Battle of the Bismarck Sea[edit]

Main article: Battle of the Bismarck Sea

It wasn't long until Yukikaze felt the heat of action again. Lae was in desperate need of resupplyment in order to turn back General MacArthur's forces from New Guinea, and the 51st army division had just the heavy artillery to do that. A total of eight troop ships were sent out to reinforce Lae, escorted by eight destroyers, including Yukikaze. Transiting through the Bismarck Sea on March 1st, they were spotted by allied reconnaissance planes spotted the force by 15:00. At the dawn of March 2nd, a squadron of B-17s attacked, sinking the troop ship Kyokusei Maru and damaging two more, prompting Yukikaze to assist in reusing survivors. The next day, a second wave failed to sink any ships, but scattered the force, leaving the ships vulnerable, and when a third wave attacked, they sank a troop ship and the destroyer Arashio, and fatally wounded the destroyers Shirayuki and Tokitsukaze. Yukikaze removed Tokitsukaze's crew before scuttling her, while others did the same to Shirayuki. Wave after wave of B-17s and B-25s attacked the force, and through heavy fighting the remaining six troop ships were all sunk. Yukikaze and the other destroyers attempted to rescue as many survivors as possible, as they did so a final wave of B-17s sank the destroyer Asashio.[26][27]

With the battle of the Bismarck Sea lasting from March 2-4th, all eight troop ships and four of the eight destroyers were sunk. Yukikaze was the only ship of the force to have survived completely undamaged. Having rescued survivors from several sunken ships, Yukikaze ferried them to Rabaul, arriving at her destination on March 5th. Immediately afterwards, Yukikaze sailed for a troop transport run to Kolombangara, arriving on March 7th. Throughout the rest of March and into April, Yukikaze took part in troop transport runs to Kolombangara, Rekata, Finschhafen, and Tuluvu. From May 3rd to May 8th, Yukikaze was drydocked and was refitted with radar and additional anti-aircraft guns, before taking part in a troop transport run to Nauru and back. [24]

Battle of Kolombangara[edit]

Main article: Battle of Kolombangara
The collapsed bow of USS Honolulu following a torpedo hit from a mass torpedo attack that Yukikaze took part in.

On July 9th, Yukikaze departed on another troop transport run to Kolombangara. Protecting four destroyer transports carrying some 1,200 ground troops, Yukikaze due to her radar was the lead ship in a flotilla of destroyers, leading the destroyers Hamakaze, Kiyonami, and Yūgure. The four destroyers operated alongside the Japanese flagship, the light cruiser Jintsū, as well as the elderly destroyer Mikazuki. [28][29]

The first three days of the run went relatively smoothly, but enroute the force was spotted by allied coastwatchers, who relayed their information to allied intelligence. Hoping to ambush the Japanese ships, Admiral Ainsworth scrambled up a force consisting of the American light cruisers USS Honolulu and USS Saint Louis, alongside the New Zealand light cruiser HMNZS Leander, supported by 10 destroyers.

By 1:03 on the 13th, the allied ships were about 10,400 yards (9,500 meters) away from the Japanese task force, when in a critical moment, Jintsū illuminated the enemy ships with her searchlights. Honolulu, Saint Louis, and Leander all fired at Jintsū, drawing the complete attention of the allied ships and away from Yukikaze and the other destroyers. In this critical moment, Captain Kanma led his destroyers to partake in a torpedo attack on the allied ships to save Jintsū, closing to 5,250 yards (4,800 meters) away from the enemy. At 1:20, Yukikaze, Hamakaze, Kiyonami, and Yūgure each fired a full spread of torpedoes at the allied ships. It was four minutes later that a long lance torpedo (probably) from Yukikaze made a critical hit as it slammed into Leander amidships as she was attempting to complete a turn.[30] Yukikaze's hit killed 23 sailors and forced Leander to retire from the battle with severe damage. Leander was damaged so badly she could not be repaired in time to take further part in WW2, and on top of that never served as a New Zealand warship again, being decommissioned in May of 1944 and transferred to the British Navy in September of 1945. [31][32][33]

In turn, the Japanese ships failed to save Jintsū. After being shelled into a floating wreck by gunfire mostly from Honolulu and Saint Louis, American destroyers closed to point blank range to deliver the final blow. At least one torpedo probably from USS Taylor made it's mark, breaking Jintsū in half and finally finishing the cruiser off.[34] This did not stop Kanma from ordering another torpedo strike against the allied ships. In just 18 minutes, the torpedo tubes on all four destroyers were fully reloaded and ready to fire. Yukikaze led the other destroyers to another torpedo attack, and by 1:50 had closed to around 4,900 yards (4,500 meters), Every allied ship that could fire their guns focused their attention on Yukikaze, which took some light damage from straddles and near misses. However, much to the amazement of Hamakaze's crew, Yukikaze was not directly hit by even a single shell. The destroyers promptly fired their torpedoes. While the scorers of the following hits are rather ambiguous, at 2:18 the first and second torpedo hits crippled Honolulu. One landed aft but was a dud, but the other landed forward and blew the cruiser's bow clean off. A third torpedo hit badly damaged Saint Louis, twisting her bow to the port side. A fourth and final torpedo fatally damaged the destroyer USS Gwin. The torpedo destroyed her engine room and caused significant flooding, forcing Gwin to be scuttled.[31][35]

While the battle was a costly victory with the loss of Jintsū, it was a victory none the less. Alongside the numerous allied ships sunk or critically damaged, the destroyer transports made it to Kolombangara and unloaded all 1,200 soldiers to reinforce the area. On July 19th, Yukikaze would take part in another troop transport run to Kolombangara, where enroute both Kiyonami and Yūgure were sunk by land-based bombers the next day.[6][36]

Philippine campaign[edit]

Yukikaze then undertook numerous more troop transport missions. She damaged herself when she scraped her hull on a reef, which reduced her speed to 25 knots, on the 22 May 1944. From the 19th of June to the 20th, Yukikaze partook in the Battle of the Philippine Sea as a carrier escort, taking no damage when under air attacks and scuttling the Japanese ship Seiyo Maru after removing her crew.[6] Yukikaze then saw action at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. She survived various air attacks on 24 October 1944, before engaging Taffy 3 at the Battle off Samar, her last action against enemy ships. Yukikaze fired torpedoes at US escort carriers without obtaining a hit, and served in a destroyer line that battled the destroyer USS Johnston. Yukikaze was not damaged, but scored hits on Johnston. Johnston eventually began to sink due to damage sustained from multiple ships, most crucially three 18.1-inch (46 cm) shells from the Japanese battleship Yamato sustained earlier in the battle.[6][37]

Final months of the war[edit]

Disarmed Yukikaze after the war, 1945-1947

Heading home to Japan, the battleship Kongō and the destroyer Urakaze were torpedoed and sunk by the submarine USS Sealion, but Yukikaze successfully returned to mainland Japan. In November, she escorted the Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano, but she was sunk by the submarine USS Archerfish. Finally, on 6 April, 1945, she saw her last major action escorting the battleship Yamato to beach herself on the Island of Okinawa during the Battle of Okinawa to act as a stationary, unsinkable fortress to destroy US landing forces. Enroute, on the 7th, the force was attacked by 386 US carrier aircraft, and Yamato, the light cruiser Yahagi, and four destroyers were sunk. Yukikaze survived the engagement with the only damage sustained coming from machine gun fire, killing three men and injuring fifteen others.[6]

As a result of participating in and surviving some of the most dangerous battles the IJN had fought while avoiding any major damage whatsoever, never being hit by a single naval shell or airdropped bomb, Yukikaze is called "the unsinkable ship" and "the miracle ship". Yukikaze took part in more than 10 major battles, and more than 100 escort missions and resupply transport missions during World War II.[38]

ROCS Dan Yang[edit]

Yukikaze alongside escort ship Shisaka at Tokyo after they were used to repatriate Japanese nationals from overseas, May 1947
Dan Yang in ROC Navy service

On 6 July 1947, Yukikaze was transferred to the Republic of China as a war reparation, where she was renamed Dan Yang (丹陽 DD-12).[39] All destroyers were named after Yang regardless of country of origin.[1]

Dan Yang served as flagship of the Republic of China Navy.[39] It was an unarmed training vessel until 1952. In 1953, it was fitted with Type 89 12.7 cm/40 dual mounted guns, in addition to the Type 98 10cm/65 dual mounted guns already in use. In 1956, Dan Yang had all the Japanese armaments removed and replaced with three open air mounted 5"/38 caliber guns, 3"/50 caliber guns replaced the torpedo tubes, Bofors 40 mm guns, and newer depth charge launchers. The Republic of China Navy had no use for the original torpedo tubes as they did not have access to the appropriate armaments.

She is notable for visiting Manila where 50,000 overseas Chinese visited her in August 1953. Dan Yang's service included patrolling the South China Sea and intercepting incoming ships carrying wartime materials into Shanghai. On 4 October 1953, she captured the Polish civilian oil tanker Praca at 21°06'N 122°48'E in the West Pacific Ocean, 125 sea miles southeast of Taiwan.[40] On 12 May 1954, She bombarded and captured another Polish civilian freighter Prezydent Gottwald with machinery and medicines at 23°45'N 128°35'E.[41] On 23 June 1954, she captured the civilian oil tanker Tuapse of the Soviet Union carrying kerosene eastbound at 19°35′00″N 120°39′00″E / 19.58333°N 120.65000°E / 19.58333; 120.65000 in the high sea of Balintang Channel near Philippines[42] All ships were confiscated into the ROC Navy list, and the crews were either released, executed or detained for various time frames up to 35 years in captivity till 1988.[43][44] She also saw action along the Taiwan Strait in a supporting role as she was one of the few ships with long range guns. However, the arrival of surplus US destroyers entering service put the famous destroyer that once served as flagship into retirement, and she was scrapped in 1970 after being damaged beyond repair in a typhoon in 1969.[45]

In Japan, there was a campaign to have her returned to Japan from Taiwan for preservation as a museum ship since she was a symbol of longevity. Her rudder and one of her anchors were repatriated to the Japan Navy Academy museum as a good will gesture.[45]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b Navy Memorial Digital Archives - Yang Class Destroyers (1996). "丹陽軍籃" [ROCS Dan-Yang] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: Academia Sinica Center for Digital Cultures. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  2. ^ 程嘉文; 林以君 (2021-06-22). "【不死鳥丹陽艦／下】曾是海軍狀元分發首選 退役被拆零件分送台日兩地遙望" [[ROCS Danyang the Phoenix /Part 2] Once Retired from the Top Choice for the Navy Personnel Assignment, her Components were Dismantled and Distributed to Taiwan and Japan] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: United Daily News. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  3. ^ Chesneau, p. 194
  4. ^ a b Whitley, pp. 200–01
  5. ^ a b Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 148
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Long Lancers". www.combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  7. ^ Walker (2024) p 52
  8. ^ Walker (2024) p 66-67
  9. ^ "Submarine Report - Vol. 1, War Damage Report No. 58". public1.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
  10. ^ Chihaya\Abe (1972) p 10
  11. ^ "Enterprise versus Japan". Battle 360°. Episode 2 "Vengeance at Midway". 2008, History Channel.
  12. ^ Walker (2024) p 110
  13. ^ "Imperial Flattops". www.combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2024-06-12.
  14. ^ Hara (1961) p 137-140
  15. ^ a b c PacificWrecks.com. "Pacific Wrecks - Naval Battle of Guadalcanal (Third Battle of the Solomon Sea) Solomon Islands". pacificwrecks.com. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  16. ^ Hara (1961) p 140-145
  17. ^ Walker (2024) p 132
  18. ^ Frank, Richard (January 1, 1992). Guadalcanal: The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle (Illustrated ed.). Penguin Books. p. 441. ISBN 978-0-14-016561-6.
  19. ^ a b c "Long Lancers". www.combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  20. ^ a b Chihaya/Abe (1972) p 11
  21. ^ Stille (2008), p. 20
  22. ^ "Enterprise versus Japan". Battle 360°. Episode 5. 29 March 2008. History Channel.
  23. ^ Hara, Tameichi (1961). Japanese destroyer Captain. Ballantine Books. pp. Chapter 23. ISBN 0-345-02522-9.
  24. ^ a b c "Long Lancers". www.combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  25. ^ Walker (2024) p 135-136
  26. ^ Walker (2024) p `140-146
  27. ^ Morison Volume 5 (1949) p 58-65
  28. ^ Morison volume 6 (1952) p 181
  29. ^ Walker (2024) p 152
  30. ^ "『ゴジラ-1.0』で蘇った「奇跡の駆逐艦」大戦中は運が良かった？ 戦後は多くの人を祖国へ". 乗りものニュース (in Japanese). 2023-12-17. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  31. ^ a b Walker (2024) p 152-158
  32. ^ Morison Volume 6 (1952) p 190
  33. ^ "Last days | NZ History". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  34. ^ "Taylor II (DD-468)". public1.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  35. ^ "Destroyer History — Battle of Kolombangara, 13 July 1943". destroyerhistory.org. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  36. ^ Walker (2024) p 163
  37. ^ Cutler, p. 243
  38. ^ 豊田穣 (2004). 雪風ハ沈マズ 強運駆逐艦栄光の生涯. 光人社NF文庫新装版. ISBN 978-4-7698-2027-7.
  39. ^ a b 程嘉文 (2021-06-22). "【不死鳥丹陽艦／上】日本戰敗雪風號成賠償艦 輾轉來台成當時台灣最大軍艦" [[ROCS Danyang the Phoenix /Part 1] As a War Compensation after Japan Defeated in WWII, Yukikaze Became the Largest Warship in Taiwan] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: United Daily News. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  40. ^ Li Zhen-hsiang (2009-01-08). "Praca" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taiwan News Weekly, ver. 376, Taiwan Association for Truth and Reconciliation.
  41. ^ Lin Hong-yi (2009). "Chapter 4，1953-1960" (PDF). 《封鎖大陸沿海──中華民國政府的「關閉政策」，1949-1960》 (M.D. thesis) (in Chinese (Taiwan)). National Chengchi University.
  42. ^ Andrey Maximov (2020-08-18). "Provocation - In 1954, the Taiwanese Navy captured the Soviet tanker "Tuapse"" (in Russian). Versia.
  43. ^ Prof. Sergey Vradiy (2020-02-20). ""Tuapse" Oil Tanker Episode in the History of Taiwan-Russia Relations" (PDF). Taiwan Fellowship, Center for Chinese Studies, National Central Library.
  44. ^ Oleg Bulovich. "Танкер "Туапсе", или возвращение из тайваньского плена" (in Russian). Odessa, Ukraine: Odesskiy.
  45. ^ a b 程嘉文; 林以君 (2021-06-22). "【不死鳥丹陽艦／下】曾是海軍狀元分發首選 退役被拆零件分送台日兩地遙望" [[ROCS Danyang the Phoenix /Part 2] Once Retired from the Top Choice for the Navy Personnel Assignment, her Components were Dismantled and Distributed to Taiwan and Japan] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: United Daily News. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

References[edit]

External links[edit]

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